Can a Baby Stay in the Womb for 12 Months
Healthy Woman: The 12 Months of Pregnancy
— -- Almost women are careful about leading a salubrious and safety lifestyle during pregnancy, only it usually takes at least a few weeks for a woman to realize that she's significant. Because so much evolution occurs in those commencement few weeks, experts say that women who are planning a pregnancy should begin preparing for it at least 3 months prior to actively trying to excogitate.
"The greatest risk to the fetus for congenital anomalies and nascence defects happens betwixt the beginning two and 8 weeks of pregnancy," says Ginger Breedlove, the program director of the Nurse Midwifery Education Programme at the Academy of Kansas School of Nursing and a lath member of the American College of Nurse Midwives.
"If most of the risk is happening before health professionals meet or even talk to the women on the telephone, mostly, we've lost the window of opportunity for instruction," explains Breedlove.
Beneath, Breedlove discusses how preconception medical visits and lifestyle adjustments can help women prepare for pregnancy to help ensure they have the healthiest possible pregnancy and babe.
Why is it important to prepare for pregnancy?I think the nearly important thing that nosotros tin do in America is reframe the duration of pregnancy and not think of information technology as nine months but as 12 months. Many of the risks that women have are relevant earlier they ever excogitate.
For example, research that was primarily funded by the March of Dimes has shown that women who took appropriate levels of folic acid prior to conception significantly reduced the charge per unit of neural tube defects, primarily spina bifida.
One of the things that we want women to continue to understand is that taking at least 0.4 mg of folic acid in a daily multivitamin anytime during the childbearing years is important considering about 70 per centum of pregnancies are unplanned.
Why are preconception visits important?I think information technology's of import that women and families understand that a preconception visit, in my opinion, is probably more important than a routine obstetric appointment. Then many things happen before you lot e'er become to that first prenatal visit. An average woman, even with private health-care insurance, isn't in that obstetric office until about 10 weeks of pregnancy.
What sort of vaccinations should women have prior to conception?Frequently, afterward nosotros become out of the secondary school arrangement, people don't pay attending to vaccinations. But a tetanus/diphtheria booster every 10 years is of import.
Women who are in high-risk groups — women with asthma, cardiac problems, HIV or other weather condition that might increase their hazard of bacterial or viral infections —should probably have a hepatitis B vaccine, an influenza vaccine and maybe even a pneumonia vaccine annually.
Whenever possible, preconception immunizations are preferred to vaccinations of meaning women. For example, women should have their rubella condition identified prior to conception and, if necessary, have an MMR vaccination 3 months prior to conception.
When is genetic testing advisable?Screening is considered in people with a family unit history of certain weather, such as a neural tube or congenital center defects.
Other candidates for genetic screening would those with a family history of Down's syndrome, Tay-Sach'southward disease, especially in Jewish and French-Canadian families, sickle cell disease, which primarily affects African-American populations and thalassemia, a type of anemia mutual in people with Mediterranean and some Asian backgrounds. Hemophilia is also genetically predisposed, as is muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis.
People with whatsoever history of mental retardation and the thousands of other rare chromosomal and genetic disorders are also candidates.
I would encourage anybody who is in those categories to encounter a genetic counselor prior to pregnancy. This kind of specialist can talk to both futurity parents about all the risks and percentages of them carrying a genetic trait onto their baby.
What medical conditions might affect pregnancy?At that place are medical conditions that women accept prior to formulation that can worsen during pregnancy and that, if not monitored closely, peculiarly in the first trimester, can lead to nativity defects. For example, if diabetes is not controlled well in the offset month of pregnancy (and again, most of us don't know until a couple weeks subsequently we await a period), it tin can pb to abnormalities with the fetus due to glucose levels that are out of control.
We also encourage women with pre-existing heart disease to take preconception visits. This includes women with hypertension and women who have had major cardiac anomalies when they were born that were surgically corrected. Women who have epilepsy, lupus, renal disease or genetic disorders should discuss their weather condition with a health professional prior to pregnancy.
Women with asthma should talk nearly how asthma will affect their pregnancy. The good thing is that if these moms are given medication to control the asthma, the pregnancy is probably non going to cause any increased bug.
Are there medications that are known to be detrimental to the fetus?The medications for epilepsy that women accept to preclude seizures are potentially harmful to the fetus. The preconception menstruation is the best time to think nearly the best medications that a adult female with epilepsy tin utilise so that when she does go pregnant, seizure control is normalized with minimal furnishings to the fetus. These moms actually need maternal fetal medicine specialists taking care of them.
In women taking mood stabilizers for a psychiatric condition, yous weigh the risks and benefits. Is it healthier for the mom to be able to maintain a healthy state of well-beingness than the very vague potential chance to the fetus that nosotros haven't identified as beingness harmful to the fetus, at least at this point?
It's important for women planning a pregnancy to stay away from tetracycline and Accutane, which some women take for acne control.
We too want to brand certain women know that over-the-counter medications can exist every bit powerful as prescriptive drugs. Nosotros really don't know what long-term risks might be associated with any drug considering nosotros can't practise studies on pregnant women to discover those answers. That is why we say, "Don't take anything, unless you lot seek medical communication," particularly in the preconception catamenia.
What lifestyle changes should women make?Smoking cessation programs that are preconception-based, not introduced when the adult female is pregnant, are very important. We know that smoking has a loftier correlation with first trimester spontaneous loss, preterm birth, stillbirth and growth-restricted infants during pregnancy.
Of course, we encourage women who are considering pregnancy not to drink. We don't know how many drinks volition affect the fetus or if one weekend of binging at a particular gestational age of the fetus is going to compromise it. If a adult female doesn't have a planned pregnancy, but she's of childbearing age, we encourage her to either have effective nascency control or non drink excessively.
Women who are using illegal drugs are certainly affecting their potential of having a healthy start trimester and a healthy baby. Women who are addicted demand to be identified and assisted into social-service programs that help them either deal with their addictions prior to pregnancy or once they're pregnant.
How can women best better their diets?At that place are and then many recommendations out there about the healthiest way to eat. I would suggest that eating a healthy variety of foods from all the food groups is important.
If 1 is a cocky-identified vegetarian, and in that location are so many subcategories of vegetarianism, one should be aware of getting adequate protein, adequate folic acid, adequate calcium and adequate atomic number 26. If women can focus on those areas in whatever diet that they have adopted, they're going to be salubrious when they go into pregnancy.
Information technology's appropriate for women who are overweight to try to lose weight prior to pregnancy. Just if women are trying to lose weight in a menses when they also want to conceive, I would propose they seek medical communication and guidance. Fad dieting or farthermost dieting in the preconception period is non a good idea.
Is exercise recommended?In terms of practice and activity, if American women could exist more mobile, that would be wonderful. We do discourage women who take never exercised in their life from suddenly deciding that they're going to be a long-distance runner or a downhill skier when they're planning to get pregnant or already pregnant. If they're not used to that kind of action, information technology's not a good idea to introduce it at a point where they're much more than vulnerable to potential risks, either to the fetus or to themselves, which is more likely.
Nosotros tell women athletes who have had a thorough health history and examination that they don't necessarily have to alter an active lifestyle when they are pregnant considering their body is used to it.
If women are unsure about their state of pregnancy, they should avoid excessive heat exposure. That's not going to happen in your domicile bathtub. It is going to happen in commercial hot tubs and saunas.
How can fathers prepare for their partner's pregnancy?On affair we often leave out is that men have babies, too. There's really a need for more importance on the male office in relationship to his occupational exposures, his employ of alcohol or drugs, whether there's whatever genetic history in his family, in addition to risks such as HIV and sexually transmitted infections.
When should a woman meet with a health-care provider virtually pregnancy?I would suggest that if a woman is because pregnancy she seek health-care advice before she goes off birth command or at least three months prior to actively trying to be significant. Then you're truly making informed decisions about what kind of provider might be best for yous and what choices you might need to recollect about in terms of genetic testing or early on prenatal testing, or maybe earlier admission into health care because yous have medical risks that put your pregnancy in a higher category.
What kinds of providers are available to women?We have many health-care providers in the women'due south health field and maternity care that could help women preconceptually. All the mode from maternal fetal medicine specialists who take care of the most-ill women to reproductive infertility specialists who aid women who have reproductive problems conceive. OB/GYNs, family practice physicians, certified nurse midwives, women's health nurse practitioners, medico's assistants, Planned Parenthood and wellness departments are other providers.
What should women exist looking for when trying to choose a provider?I think what's of import is thinking almost what kind of pregnancy and nascence experience they're looking for. They as well need to consider their choices based on their insurance and where they live.
At that place'southward variation in the philosophy of intendance among different providers. A certified nurse midwife'south expertise is in caring for healthy pregnant women, which is near 80 percent to 85 percent of all pregnancies. Their foundation of care is based on health promotion and disease prevention and seeing pregnancy as a healthy, natural part. In medical communities, there may be more of a slant on seeing pregnancy as a potential affliction and peradventure beingness more than interventionist.
I encourage women to call back of pregnancy and childbirth as something that is truly a life-irresolute event and to try to have the fourth dimension to think about how this can exist an emotionally positive feel that'southward shared by all the people she wants to share it with. And I encourage women to invest in a provider that will give her that feel.
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Source: https://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=116675&page=1
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